Attentions of membranous nephropathy patients

膜性肾病护理要注意的事项：

　　1、膜性肾病患者注意休息，避免劳累，预防感染，饮食以低蛋白为主，注意补充维生素。避免应用损害肾脏的药物。

　　2、肾脏病人是否可吃盐、碱?我们正常成年人每天摄入盐量约5—6克，有的地区吃盐量每人每天到12克，盐为氯化钠，碱为碳酸钠，苏打为碳酸氢钠，进食含钠的盐碱过多，容易使水潴留在人体内，诱发水肿，所以对肾性水肿患者应该控制盐碱入量，每人进盐2—3克即为低盐饮食。无盐饮食也不科学，时间长了易乏力、头晕等。

　　3、膜性肾病的治疗要注意保护残存肾功能，纠正使肾血流量减少的各种因素(如低蛋白血症、脱水、低血压等)以及预防感染。对于影响病人疗效和长期预后的并发症，应积极给予治疗。

　　4、膜性肾病病人饮水量应多少?正常人尿量一般一天1—2公斤，急性肾炎、急性肾衰少尿期以及肾病综合征、慢性肾衰伴少尿浮肿患者，要控制入水量。因为喝进去排不出去，水潴留在人体内加重水肿，也易加重高血压，此时水入量以尿量加500毫升为宜。尿量增多后入水量可放宽。而尿量正常的患者入水量不限。另外，泌尿系感染患者如急性肾盂肾炎、尿道炎、膀胱炎等，除及时就诊服药外，多饮水、多排尿对病的康复是十分有利的。

　　5、膜性肾病人可否吃鱼、虾、蛋、肉类食物?鱼虾类食物，有的肾脏病人自觉不吃，认为对肾不好，其实，此类食物为优质蛋白，在有过敏性疾病如过敏性紫癜，紫癜性肾炎时因怀疑异性蛋白过敏或有鱼虾过敏史者须慎用，一般是不需禁忌的。鱼、虾、蛋、肉类食物含丰富的动物蛋白，是人体细胞、组织主要的构造材料，对人体十分重要，进食含蛋白食物后肝脏分解，肾脏排泄，所以当肾脏功能下降时，要适当减少蛋白入量，

　　温馨提示：以既满足人体代谢营养需要，又不增加肾脏负担为原则。有的患者肾脏病并不严重而不敢吃蛋白，或病情需限蛋白时而不在乎都是不正确的。不要暴饮暴食，不食用不洁食物。在肾病治疗的过程中，不是忌口的问题，是调节身体营养的问题，不要忌，而是调节。

Attentions of membranous nephropathy patients

1, membranous nephropathy patients should pay attention to rest and avoid over tired and prevent infection. Diet should be dominated as low protein. Pay attention to supplement vitamin. Avoid using medicine that would damage kidney.

2, can kidney disease patients take salt and soda

Salt intake should be controlled in 5-6g/d for normal person, while some area’s people daily salt intake can high as 12g/d, taking much salt and soda rich in sodium will induce swelling, so renal swelling patients should control the intake of salt and soda, salt intake controlled in 2-3g is called as low salt diet, no salt intake also not scientific. Long term no salt diet would cause to fatigue and headache.

3, membranous nephropathy should pay attention to protect the remaining renal function, adjusting kinds of factors which make renal blood flowing decrease( such as hypoproteinemia, dehydration and low blood pressure) and prevent infection. We should treat in time for complications that influence patients curative effects and long-term prognosis.

4, how much water should membranous nephropathy patients should take?

Urine volume generally is 1-2kg for normal people, acute nephritis, acute kidney failure in oliguria stage and nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney failure accompanying with oliguria swelling patients should control water intake. Because water intake and can’t discharge out, it would retain in the body, it can also aggravate high blood pressure. And water intake should be urine volume add to 500ml. Water intake should increase when the urine volume increases. In addition, Patients with urinary tract infections such as acute nephropyelitis, urine tract infection, bladder infection and so on. Excepting from taking medicine in time, it would be good to increase water intake and urination.